Clinical Effect of Surgical Reconstruction of Extracranial Vertebral Artery / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To evaluate the effect of surgical reconstruction of extracranial vertebral artery and to summarize the experience. Methods The clinical data of 15 patients undergoing surgical reconstruction of extracranial vertebral artery from September 2018 to June 2022 were collected.The operation methods,operation duration,intraoperative blood loss,operation complications,and relief of symptoms were retrospectively analyzed. Results Eleven patients underwent vertebral artery (V1 segment) to common carotid artery transposition,two patients underwent endarterectomy of V1 segment,two patients underwent V3 segment to external carotid artery bypass or transposition.The operation duration,intraoperative blood loss,and blocking time of common carotid artery varied within 120-340 min,50-300 ml,and 12-25 min,with the medians of 240 min,100 ml,and 16 min,respectively.There was no cardiac accident,cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome,cerebral hemorrhage or lymphatic leakage during the perioperative period.One patient suffered from cerebral infarction and three patients suffered from incomplete Horner's syndrome after the operation.During the follow-up (4-45 months,median of 26 months),there was no anastomotic stenosis,new cerebral infarction or cerebral ischemia. Conclusion Surgical reconstruction of extracranial vertebral artery is safe and effective,and individualized reconstruction strategy should be adopted according to different conditions.

Exploration of construction mode of real-world data system / 中华流行病学杂志

Real-world data study evidence, as an important part of evaluating the safety and effectiveness of drugs and devices, has attracted increasing attention from regulatory agencies and scholars both at home and abroad, and has become an essential source of evidence to support the development and review of drugs and devices. This paper systematically discusses the process and mode of real-world data system construction based on the preliminary practical study of real-world data according to the guidelines/technical specifications issued by regulatory agencies and academic research results. This study result provides not only reference for the generation of clinical evaluation evidence to meet the regulatory requirements for innovative drugs and devices, but also reference for researchers, sponsors and regulators to carry out real-world data studies successfully.

Impact of thymosin α1 as an immunomodulatory therapy on long-term survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients after R0 resection: a propensity score-matched analysis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#There is limited information about thymosin α1 (Tα1) as adjuvant immunomodulatory therapy, either used alone or combined with other treatments, in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adjuvant Tα1 treatment on long-term survival in margin-free (R0)-resected stage IA-IIIA NSCLC patients.@*METHODS@#A total of 5746 patients with pathologic stage IA-IIIA NSCLC who underwent R0 resection were included. The patients were divided into the Tα1 group and the control group according to whether they received Tα1 or not. A propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to reduce bias, resulting in 1027 pairs of patients.@*RESULTS@#After PSM, the baseline clinicopathological characteristics were similar between the two groups. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were significantly higher in the Tα1 group compared with the control group. The multivariable analysis showed that Tα1 treatment was independently associated with an improved prognosis. A longer duration of Tα1 treatment was associated with improved OS and DFS. The subgroup analyses showed that Tα1 therapy could improve the DFS and/or OS in all subgroups of age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), smoking status, and pathological tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, especially for patients with non-squamous cell NSCLC and without targeted therapy.@*CONCLUSION@#Tα1 as adjuvant immunomodulatory therapy can significantly improve DFS and OS in patients with NSCLC after R0 resection, except for patients with squamous cell carcinoma and those receiving targeted therapy. The duration of Tα1 treatment is recommended to be >24 months.

On the application of blended learning in normal human morphology course / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application effect of the blended learning based on Rain Classroom in normal human morphology course.Methods:A total of 118 undergraduates majoring in medical laboratory technology of Batch 2017 and Batch 2018 from Xinjiang Medical University were included in this study, and they were divided into the observation group (Batch 2018) and the control group (Batch 2017), with 59 students in each group, adopting the traditional teaching method and blended learning method based on Rain Classroom respectively. The mid-term, final and comprehensive scores of the two groups were compared by t test and chi-square test through SPSS 23.0. And the evaluation of teaching satisfaction of the observation group was obtained by the questionnaire survey. Results:The mid-term results [(74.02±8.71) vs. (62.00±8.97), t=-6.073, P<0.001], the final results [(83.21±7.73) vs. (70.44±11.43), t=-6.250, P<0.001], and the comprehensive results [(82.26±9.53) vs. (70.52±11.09), t=-6.012, P<0.001] of the observation group were significantly superior than those of the control group ( P<0.05). The excellence rate of the final results (23.72% vs. 3.45%, χ2=10.412, P=0.001) and comprehensive results (18.64% vs. 5.08%, χ2=5.187, P=0.023) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The results of the questionnaire survey showed that the observation group generally had a good satisfaction with the blended learning. Conclusion:The blended learning could make up for the deficiency of the traditional teaching methods, have preferable teaching effects, and get wide recognition from students.

Strategy for the identification and quantitative analysis of the phytochemicals of traditional Chinese medicine by LC-MS/MS / 药学学报

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has made numerous contributions to the prosperity of China. However, the phytochemicals of TCM are complex, and there are significant differences in relative content. The material basis of TCM has restricted the modernization of TCM. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) combines the high separation performance of chromatography and the high sensitivity of mass spectrometry. It has been widely used in the analysis of natural medicines and can greatly promote the development of TCM. Many studies have focused on the comprehensive characterization of phytochemicals, building a strategy for the rapid, accurate and systematic analysis of the chemical components of TCM through the integration of different mass spectrometric techniques, and laying the foundation for quality control and rational utilization of TCM.

Minimally invasive plate oseosynthesis assisted by a self-designed lower limb axial tractor for treatment of complex tibial plateau fractures / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective@#To investigate the clinical efficacy of minimally invasive plate oseoynthesis (MIPO) assisted by a self-designed lower limb axial tractor in the treatment of complex tibial plateau fractures.@*Methods@#The data were retrospectively analyzed of the 31 patients who had undergone surgical treatment for complex tibial plateau fractures from June 2015 to April 2018 at Department of Orthopeadics, Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical College. MIPO was conducted with the assistance of the axial tractor in 17 of them. They were 12 men and 5 women with an age of 50.8±14.7 years, with 8 cases of Schatzker type Ⅴ and 9 ones of Schatzker type Ⅵ. MIPO was conducted without the assistance of the axial tractor but with the assistance of manipulation reduction in the other 14 patients. They were 9 men and 5 women with an age of 48.9±9.5 years, with 6 cases of Schatzker type Ⅴ and 8 ones of Schatzker type Ⅵ. The 2 groups were compared in terms of operation time, intraoperative bleeding, and Rasmussen scores for knee function and medial angle of the proximal tibia at the last follow-up.@*Results@#The 2 groups were comparable due to insignificant differences in the preoperative general data between them (P>0.05). The tractor and manipulation groups were followed up for a mean of 9.8 months and 10.9 months respectively. Bone healing was achieved in all patients. For the tractor and manipulation groups, respectively, the operation time was127.8±40.8 min and 174.1±66.8 min, and the intraoperative bleeding 115.6±41.7 mL and 184.3±91.4 mL, showing significant differences between them (P<0.05). In the tractor group at the last follow-up, the knee flexion was 126.1°±9.3°, the medial angle of the proximal tibial 87.8°±1.4°, the posterior inclination angle 8.7°±3.8° and the Rasmussen score 26.5±2.9 points; in the manipulation group at the final follow-up, the knee flexion was 124.7°±8.9°, the medial angle of the proximal tibial 86.9°±2.1°, the posterior inclination angle 9.8°±4.1° and the Rasmussen score 25.6±3.2 points. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the above items (P>0.05). Loss of force line was observed in none of the patients at the last follow-up.@*Conclusion@#Compared with conventional manipulation reduction, use of our self-designed lower limb axial tractor can shorten operation time, reduce bleeding and facilitate reduction of fracture fragments in the treatment of tibial plateau fractures of Schatzker types Ⅴ and Ⅵ.

Minimally invasive plate oseosynthesis assisted by a self-designed lower limb axial tractor for treatment of complex tibial plateau fractures / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of minimally invasive plate oseoynthesis (MIPO) assisted by a self-designed lower limb axial tractor in the treatment of complex tibial plateau fractures.Methods The data were retrospectively analyzed of the 31 patients who had undergone surgical treatment for complex tibial plateau fractures from June 2015 to April 2018 at Department of Orthopeadics,Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical College.MIPO was conducted with the assistance of the axial tractor in 17 of them.They were 12 men and 5 women with an age of 50.8 ± 14.7 years,with 8 cases of Schatzker type Ⅴ and 9 ones of Schatzker type Ⅵ.MIPO was conducted without the assistance of the axial tractor but with the assistance of manipulation reduction in the other 14 patients.They were 9 men and 5 women with an age of 48.9 ± 9.5 years,with 6 cases of Schatzker type Ⅴ and 8 ones of Schatzker type Ⅵ.The 2 groups were compared in terms of operation time,intraoperative bleeding,and Rasmussen scores for knee function and medial angle of the proximal tibia at the last follow-up.Results The 2 groups were comparable due to insignificant differences in the preoperative general data between them (P ＞ 0.05).The tractor and manipulation groups were followed up for a mean of 9.8 months and 10.9 months respectively.Bone healing was achieved in all patients.For the tractor and manipulation groups,respectively,the operation time was 127.8 ±40.8 min and 174.1 ±66.8 min,and the intraoperative bleeding 115.6 ±41.7 mL and 184.3 ± 91.4 mL,showing significant differences between them (P ＜ 0.05).In the tractor group at the last follow-up,the knee flexion was 126.1°± 9.3°,the medial angle of the proximal tibial 87.8°± 1.4°,the posterior inclination angle 8.7° ± 3.8° and the Rasmussen score 26.5 ± 2.9 points;in the manipulation group at the final follow-up,the knee flexion was 124.7° ± 8.9°,the medial angle of the proximal tibial 86.9° ± 2.1°,the posterior inclination angle 9.8° ±4.1° and the Rasmussen score 25.6 ± 3.2 points.There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the above items (P ＞ 0.05).Loss of force line was observed in none of the patients at the last follow-up.Conclusion Compared with conventional manipulation reduction,use of our self-designed lower limb axial tractor can shorten operation time,reduce bleeding and facilitate reduction of fracture fragments in the treatment of tibial plateau fractures of Schatzker types Ⅴ and Ⅵ.

Clinical effect of single segment degenerative lumbar disease by minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fu-sion with tubular channel / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To investigate the operating strategies and essentials of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) with tubular channel (Spotlight) to treat single-level lumbar degenerative diseases. Methods From November 2013 to December 2015, 97 patients (47 males and 50 females) underwent single-level lumbar degenerative diseases fol-lowing MIS-TLIF with Spotlight were analyzed, whose age were from 35-82 years old with the average age of 57.6±12.3 years old. The preoperative diagnosis was lumbar spinal stenosis in 63 cases, lumbar spondylolisthesis in 25 cases, and lumbar instability in 9 cases. The affected level was L3,4 in 9 cases, L4,5 in 66 cases, and L5S1 in 22 cases. According to distinct clinical manifestations and radiological characteristics, different approaches of Spotlight channels were employed. Unilateral decompression via unilateral channel was performed in 52 cases, bilateral decompression via unilateral channel was performed in 22 cases, and bilateral decom-pression via bilateral channel was performed in 23 cases. Clinical outcomes included operation duration, surgical blood loss, post-operative drainage volume and complications was recorded. Average intervertebral height, lumbar and surgical Cobb angle were utilized to evaluate the reduction of intervertebral height and lumbar lordosis. The low back and leg pain were represented as Visu-al Analogue Scale (VAS) score. The preoperative and postoperative Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score were recorded individu-ally to evaluate patients'functional recovery. Besides, the Bridwell criterion was introduced to define the extent of the lumbar fu-sion. The MacNab criterion was used for assessment of postoperative efficacy. Results The operation duration was 189.8 ± 41.3 min, the volume of surgical blood loss was 143.9 ± 102.0 ml and the volume of postoperative drainage 75.0 ± 59.0 ml in all cases. Among them, operation time was 165.0±24.2 min, surgical blood loss was 99.5±54.1 ml and postoperative drainage was 48.4±27.6 ml in the operation group of unilateral decompression via unilateral channel. The date in the group of Bilateral decompression via unilateral channel were 208.9 ± 46.0 min, 151.4 ± 96.3 ml, 88.0 ± 51.3 ml and in the group of bilateral decompression via bilateral channel were 225.4±32.0 min, 236.0±126.3 ml, 122.8±81.7 ml. All the patients were followed up for 16-42 months, the average follow-up time was 24.9 ± 7.0 months. Low back VAS reduced from 6.10 ± 0.84 preoperatively to 1.59 ± 0.49 at the final follow-up, leg VAS decreased from 6.56±0.85 preoperatively to 1.59±0.57 at the last follow-up, and ODI reduced from 59.36％±5.52％preop-eratively to 15.89％±2.90％at the final follow-up, compared with preoperative, the differences were significant. Average interverte-bral height improved from 9.92±2.25 mm preoperatively to 12.24±1.78 mm at latest follow-up time, which had statistically signifi-cant difference. Operative segment and lumbar Cobb angle were 13.81°±6.10° and 32.32°±11.97° preoperative, at the time of lat-est follow-up improved to 14.25° ± 5.57° and 35.83° ± 9.89° , Compared with preoperative, lumbar Cobb angle was significantly in-creased but operative segment Cobb had no significant difference. According to the criteria of Bridwell, intervertebral fusion at fi-nal follow-up of I and II grades were 90 cases in total (92.8％). The MacNab criteria was used to evaluate the clinical efficacy, which 69 were excellent, 23 were good, and 5 were acceptable, the excellent and good rate was 94.8％. Conclusion The tech-nique of MIS-TLIF with the tubular channel (Spotlight) is safe and efficient for the treatment of single segment lumbar degener-ative diseases. Different strategies can be selected by different preoperative clinical manifestations and radiological features.

Clinical Study on Dilong Jiangya Capsule in Treatment of Essential Hypertension with Subclinical Atherosclerosis of Hyperactivity of Liver Yang Type / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate the synergistic antihypertensive effect of Dilong Jiangya Capsules on patients with essential hypertension with subclinical atherosclerosis of liver yang hyperactivity type and its effect on arteriosclerosis. Methods Totally 120 patients with essential hypertension with subclinical atherosclerosis were randomly divided into treatment group (60 cases) and control group (60 cases). Control group received antihypertensive treatment by following the individual, low-dose, long-term, combined principle, while treatment group was given Dilong Jiangya Capsules on the basis of control group, one capsule per time, twice a day, orally taken during early morning and bedtime. The treatment for both groups lasted for six weeks. Blood pressure, carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), pulse wave velocity (PWV) and ankle-brachial index (ABI) were observed before and 2, 4 and 6 weeks after treatment. Blood pressure clinical efficacy was evaluated. Results Two and three cases were lost in the treatment group and control group, respectively. The total effective rate was 91.38% (53/58) in the treatment group and 82.46% (47/57) in the control group, and the treatment group was significantly better than the control group (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the blood pressure of the two groups was significantly lower (P<0.05), and the treatment group was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the levels of IMT and PWV in both groups significantly decreased at 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, and ABI at 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment decreased significantly (P<0.05). There was statistical difference in IMT and PWV between the two groups at 4 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). There was statistical difference in ABI between the two groups at 2 and 4 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). There was statistical difference in IMT, PWV and ABI between the two groups at 6 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion Dilong Jiangya Capsules combined with conventional antihypertensive treatment of essential hypertension with subclinical atherosclerosis can enhance the antihypertensive effect, and improve IMT, PWV and ABI to some extent.

Effect of clopidogrel on YKL-40 and NF-κB levels in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with coronary heart disease with diabetes mellitus / 药物评价研究

Objective To explore the effect of clopidogrel on the YKL-40 and NF-κB levels in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with coronary heart disease with diabetes mellitus.Methods Totally 80 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with coronary heart disease with diabetes mellitus were collected in our hospital from August 2013 to December 2016,and divided into two groups randomly,control group (n =40) were adopted aspirin treatment during perioperative period,study group (n =40) were adopted clopidogrel based on the treatment of control group.The platelet aggregation of two groups were compared after treatment,and the curative effect was evaluated and analyzed;The level of chitinase-3 like protein-1 (YKL-40) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) were detected before and after treatment;The adverse reactions of patients in two groups during perioperative period were recorded and analyzed.Results After 7 d treatment,the platelet aggregation rate of study group were significantly lower than those patients in control group (P ＜ 0.05).The total effective rate of study group was significantly higher than that of control group (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the YKL-40 and NF-κB levels of all patients decreased significantly compared with pre-treatment (P ＜ 0.05),and the content was lower than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05);The difference of thrombocytopenia and gastrointestinal bleeding incidence between two groups has no significance.Although the incidences of myocardial infarction,angina pectoris and death were lower than those in control group,the difference between two groups has no significance.The total incidence of adverse reactions of patients in study group was lower significantly than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Clopidogrel combined with aspirin for antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with coronary heart disease with diabetes mellitus deserves popularization in clinical,which not only possesses well clinical curative effect and safety,but controls the inflammatory response and decreases adverse reactions.

Clinical outcomes of single-level lumbar spondylolisthesis by minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with bilateral tubular channels / 中华外科杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) for single-level lumbar spondylolisthesis treatment with bilateral Spotlight tubular channels.@*Methods@#A total of 21 patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis whom underwent MIS-TLIF via bilateral Spotlight tubular channels were retrospectively analyzed from October 2014 to November 2015. The 21 patients included 11 males and 10 females ranged from 35 to 82 years (average aged 60.7 years). In term of spondylolisthesis category, there were 18 cases of degenerative spondylolisthesis and 3 cases of isthmic spondylolisthesis. With respect to spondylolisthesis degree, 17 cases were grade Ⅰ° and 4 cases were grade Ⅱ°. Besides, 17 cases at L4-5 and 4 cases at L5-S1were categorized by spondylolisthesis levels. Operation duration, blood loss, postoperative drainage and intraoperative exposure time were recorded, functional improvement was defined as an improvement in the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was also employed at pre and post-operation (3 months and the last follow-up), to evaluate low back and leg pain. Furthermore, to evaluate the recovery of the intervertebral foramen and of lumbar sagittal curvature, average height of intervertebral space, Cobb angles of lumbar vertebrae and operative segments, spondylolisthesis index were measured. At the last follow-up, intervertebral fusion was assessed using Siepe evaluation criteria and the clinical outcome was assessed using the MacNab scale. Radiographic and functional outcomes were compared pre- and post-operation using the paired T test to determine the effectiveness of MIS-TLIF. Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05.@*Results@#All patients underwent a successful MIS-TLIF surgery. The operation time (235.2±30.2) mins, intraoperative blood loss (238.1±130.3) ml, postoperative drainage (95.7±57.1) ml and intraoperative radiation exposure (47.1±8.8) were recorded. Different significance between 3 months post-operative follow-up and pre-operation was exhibited (P<0.01) in respects of lumbar VAS (t=11.1, P<0.01) and leg VAS (t=17.8, P<0.01). Moreover, final follow-up compared with pre-operation, and final follow-up compared with 3 months post-operative follow-up, VAS scores were also statistical difference (P<0.01). At the final follow-up, there were significant differences compared with pre-operation in ODI scores (t=30.1, P<0.01). Comparison between 3 months post-operative follow-up and pre-operation, statistical distinctions were demonstrated (P<0.05) in terms of mean height of intervertebral space (t=-10.9, P<0.01), the Cobb angles of lumbar vertebrae (t=-2.4, P<0.05), operative segments Cobb angles (t=-5.2, P<0.01) and Lumbar spondylolisthesis incidence (t=17.1, P<0.01). In addition, there was statistical difference between final follow-up and pre-operation (P<0.05) as well. For instance, mean height of intervertebral space (t=-10.5, P<0.01), the Cobb angles of lumbar vertebrae (t=-2.7, P<0.05), operative segments Cobb angles (t=-4.2, P<0.01) and Lumbar spondylolisthesis incidence (t=18.6, P<0.01) were involved. All spondylolisthesis vertebrae were restored completely. Lastly, at the last follow-up, 12 cases of grade 1 and 7 cases of grade 2 fusion were present as determined by the Siepe evaluation criteria. McNab scale assessment classified 17 patients having excellent clinical outcome, 3 patients in good and 1 patient having a better clinical outcome.@*Conclusion@#MIS-TLIF with bilateral Spotlight tubular channels is a safe and effective approach for single segment lumbar spondylolisthesis.

A new femoral distractor used in close reduction and internal fixation with antegrade intramedullary nail for femoral shaft fractures / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective To introduce a novel femoral distractor which is applied in close reduction and internal fixation (CRIF) with antegrade intramedullary nail for femoral shaft fractures.Methods From September 2010 to March 2015,85 patients with femoral shaft fracture were treated by CRIF with antegrade intramedullary nail in which our self-designed novel distractor was used.They were 64 males and 21 females,with an average age of 36.6 years.By AO classification,we had 32 cases of type 32-A,40 cases of type 32-B,and 13 cases of type 32-C.The intervals between injury and surgery averaged 7.5 days (range,from 1 to 16 days).The fracture was located at the upper shaft in 26 cases,at the middle shaft in 57 cases,at the middle shaft and ipsilateral neck in one,and at the lower shaft and ipsilateral intertrochanteric site in one.Their operation time,intraoperative blood loss,intra-and post-operative complications,and fracture union time were recorded and analyzed.Results Successful close reduction was achieved in all the 85 patients with no iatrogenic injury to major vessels or nerves.Operation time averaged 105.5 minutes;time for X-ray exposure averaged 25.8 seconds;intraoperative blood loss averaged 209.2 mL.The 85 patients received follow-ups from 8 to 24 months (mean,16.3 months).Fracture union was achieved in 83 cases after an average duration of 7.8 weeks (range,from 4 to 12 weeks),but nonunion occurred in 2 cases.One-year follow-ups revealed recovery of normal function of the affected knee in all,with no limb shortening ＞ 10 mm,rotational angulation ＞ 15°,or lateral or anteroposterior angulation ＞ 10°.No incision infection,deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism happened during the entire follow-up.Conclusion Our self-designed novel distractor can facilitate CRIF with antegrade intramedullary nail for femoral shaft fractures,and avoid the complications and inconvenience associated with a traction table.

Effect of postural reduction and balloon dilation on correction of vertebral height by percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective To explore the effect of postural reduction and balloon dilation on the correction of vertebral height following balloon percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for osteoporotic vertebral coinpressive fracture (OVCF).Methods From June 2012 to December 2013,47 OVCF patients involving 57 fractured thoracolumbar vertebrae with intact posterior wall underwent PKP.In all patients postural reduction was performed under general anesthesia.The percentages of vertebral height loss before and after balloon dilation were compared.The curative effects were evaluated by comparing preoperative and postoperative visual analogue scale(VAS) scores and cobb angles.Results Compared with preoperation,the vertebral heights of anterior and middle columns were significantly improved after postural reduction,balloon dilation and PKP (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant improvement before and after balloon dilation (P ＞0.05).The postoperative average cobb angle (22.8°± 8.1°) was significantly decreased compared with the preoperative one (22.8° ± 8.1°) (P ＜ 0.05).The VAS scores at preoperation,one day postoperation and the final follow-up were respectively 8.5 ± 0.4,3.4 ± 0.2 and 3.1 ± 0.3.The postoperative ones were significantly lower than the preoperative one (F =7.518,P =0.006).Conclusions In PKP,postural reduction under general anesthesia plays an important role,but balloon dilation may exert an insignificant effect on restoration of vertebral height.

Evaluation of the use of structure screw in PHILOS plate for treatment of proximal humerus fracture in Chinese / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To measure vertical axis length of humerus head in patients with proximal hu-meral fractures and to evaluate the use of structure screws in proximal humerus internal locking osteosyn-thesis system ( PHILOS) .Methods:From January 2007 to February 2014,117 patients with proximal hu-merus fracture were treated by PHILOS plate.Preoperatively, all the patients tookanteroposterior X-ray of shoulder, and the vertical axis length of humerus head were measured, and the use of structure screws in PHILOS plate was observed.Results: There were 40 male and 77 female patients; The vertical axis length of humerus head in male patients was (47.64 ±3.44) mm, and the rate of structure screw use was 52.5%;The vertical axis length of humerus head in female patients was (42.46 ±3.21) mm, and the rate of structure screw use was 32 .5%.The vertical axis length of humerus head and the rate of structure screw use had significant difference in the male and female groups (P<0.05).Conclusion:The rate of structure screw use was low in the treatment of proximal humerus fracture by PHILOS plate, especially for women.We should improve the design of plate according to the anatomical characteristics of Chinese.

Transformation of Dunaliella salina by using glass beads--a novel transformation method / 生物工程学报

A novel transformation method was firstly established using glass beads in Dunaliella salina (D. salina). The results showed that the GUS gene, a reporter gene, was successfully expressed in D. salina. Cells of D. salina presented blue color under the microscope after stained. In addition, different factors which influenced transformation were optimized including the transformation consecutive time, rotate speed, concentration of the plasmid and PEG 6000. The experiment indicated that this fit together can obtain the best results for D. salina transformation: adding 150 microL PEG and 90 microL plasmid DNA to 800 microL culture of D. salina (10(6) cells/mL) containing 300 mg glass beads, swirling 12 seconds under the rotate speed 2400r/min. This newly method can be used as a potential tool in the research of D. salina gene engineering with the advantage of more simpleness, convenience, quickness and less expense.

Cloning and Characterization of 5′Flanking Region of Nitrate Reductase Gene Derived from Dunaliella salina / 中国生物工程杂志

Aim: Clone and characterize of the 5′- flanking region of the nitrate reductase (NR) gene derived from Dunaliella salina(D. salina). Methods : The genomic DNA from D. salina was respectively digested with BamHI, EcoRI, HindIII, Pst I, Sal I and Xba I. A genomic walking cassette was ligated to the ends of the digested DNA fragments, and then genomic walking libraries comprising BL, EL, HL, PL, SL and XL were constsucted. The 5′- flanking region of the NR gene from genomic walking libraries of D. salina was amplified by LA-PCR. The DNA sequences were analyzed with the software - Promoter Predictions. Isolated 5′-flanking regions fused to the GUS gene were tested for transient expression in the alga. Results: A single specific PCR product of about 1200bp in length from the HL library was generated. Also, several conserved motifs, such as CAAT-box, GAGA-box were found, which are related to regulation of transcription, and the putative binding sites of transcriptional factors such as EBP, EFII, NF-E1 and LV. BLAST showed that the DNA sequences shared high homology with 5′-upstream region of the NR gene from Dunaliella viridis. The isolated 5′-flanking regions were able to strongly drive GUS reporter gene expression, suggesting that it contains the promoter elements necessary for the transcription of the NR gene. The expression pattern of the GUS gene and the NR gene were similar, both ware induced by nitrate and repressed by ammonium. Conclusion: The cloned 5′- flanking sequences of NR gene derived from D. salina might be a specific promoter with the ability to“switch on or off” an expression of the heterologous gene in transgenic D. salina.